以下是一些英语中常见的固定短语动词,按语义功能分类列举:
一、“动作执行类” 短语动词
- break down(机器故障;身体垮掉)
例:My car broke down on the highway.(我的车在高速上抛锚了。)
- carry out(执行;实施)
例:We need to carry out the plan immediately.(我们需要立即执行这个计划。)
- find out(查明;弄清楚)
例:Please find out when the train departs.(请查明火车何时出发。)
二、“状态变化类” 短语动词
- turn into(变成;转变为)
例:The caterpillar turned into a butterfly.(毛毛虫变成了蝴蝶。)
- go through(经历;度过)
例:She went through a lot of difficulties last year.(她去年经历了很多困难。)
- look up(查阅;抬头看)
例:You can look up new words in the dictionary.(你可以在词典里查阅生词。)
三、“情感 / 态度类” 短语动词
- care about(关心;在意)
例:He doesn’t care about what others think.(他不在意别人怎么想。)
- laugh at(嘲笑;取笑)
例:It’s not polite to laugh at people’s mistakes.(嘲笑别人的错误是不礼貌的。)
- agree with(同意;与…… 一致)
例:I agree with you on this decision.(我同意你这个决定。)
四、“方位 / 移动类” 短语动词
- come across(偶然遇见;发现)
例:I came across an old photo album yesterday.(我昨天偶然发现了一本旧相册。)
- get over(克服;恢复)
例:It takes time to get over a broken heart.(走出心碎需要时间。)
- run into(撞上;偶遇)
例:I ran into my teacher at the supermarket.(我在超市偶遇了我的老师。)
这些短语动词的结构相对固定,需整体记忆其语义和用法,在口语、写作中灵活运用可让表达更地道自然。